Insulin/IGF1 Signaling

The insulin/IGF1signaling pathway (ISP) plays an essential role in long-term health. Some perturbations in this pathway are associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes; other perturbations extend lifespan in worms, flies, and mice. The ISP regulates many biological processes, including energy storage, apoptosis, transcription, and cellular homeostasis. Such regulation involves precise rewiring of temporal events in protein phosphorylation networks.

Phosphoregulation of Mitosis

Correct division during mitosis into two identical daughter cells is essential for life. Entry into mitosis and progression up to metaphase is primarily driven by kinases. This SnapShot focuses on 88 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that regulate mitosis, providing a unique summary of the interconnected network of pathways that work together to guarantee the perfect separation of the duplicate genome.

S-phase entry and exit

S-phase entry and exit are regulated by hundreds of protein complexes that assemble just in time, orchestrated by a multitude of distinct events. To help understand their interplay, we have created a tailored visualization based on the Minardo layout, highlighting over 80 essential events. This complements our earlier visualization of M-phase, and both can be displayed together, giving a comprehensive overview of the events regulating the cell division cycle.